Membrane Bioreactors (MBRs) are emerging popularity as a cutting-edge wastewater treatment technology. Central to the success of MBRs are hollow fiber membranes, which offer exceptional filtration capabilities and contribute to the overall performance of the system. These membranes, typically made from materials like polysulfone or polypropylene, p

Hollow fiber membrane bioreactors provide a versatile and efficient platform for diverse biotechnological applications. These cutting-edge systems leverage the properties of hollow fiber membranes to facilitate optimized mass transfer, cellular growth, and product formation. This comprehensive review delves into the principles of hollow fiber membr